Applying the annual growth rate of 3.2% reported by NPC in 2006[1], the 2015 estimated population of Lagos State is 12,252,970. However, according to Lagos State, the state had a population of 17.6 million in 2006 and 20.4 million in 2011, and an annual population growth rate of 8% [2].

Almost all of the population of Lagos resides in urban locations (92%) [3]. Lagos State experiences a high level of rural-urban migration, and a large influx of people from other states in search of economic opportunities. The city of Lagos is one of the most densely populated and fastest growing cities in the world [4], with more than 100 slum communities [5]. Based on the World Bank’s internationally common poverty line of US$1.25 per day, 91% of the population of Lagos lives below the poverty line.

In terms of religion and culture, Lagos is a melting pot. Approximately 68% of the population is Christian, and 30% Muslim. The Hausa and Fulani make up 29% of the population, followed by Yoruba (21%), and Igbo (Ibo) [6]. English is the official language, although Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Pidgeon, and Fulani are also spoken [7].

Over the past decade, Lagos state has seen very little change in total fertility rates (TFR) and contraceptive prevalence. The TFR remained at approximately 4 between 2003 and 2013 (see Figure 1).

Modern contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among married women in Lagos increased most dramatically between 1990 and 2003 from 16.4% to 24.5%. From 2003 to 2013 the modern CPR ranged between 24.5% and 27.7% (see Figure 2) [8].